Nanowired Delivery of Cerebrolysin with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates Heat Stress-Induced Exacerbation of Neuropathology Following Brain Blast Injury.
Dafin F MuresanuAruna SharmaZ Ryan TianJosé Vicente LafuenteAla NozariLianyuan FengAnca D BuzoianuLars WiklundHari Shanker SharmaPublished in: Advances in neurobiology (2023)
Blast brain injury (bBI) following explosive detonations in warfare is one of the prominent causes of multidimensional insults to the central nervous and other vital organs injury. Several military personnel suffered from bBI during the Middle East conflict at hot environment. The bBI largely occurs due to pressure waves, generation of heat together with release of shrapnel and gun powders explosion with penetrating and/or impact head trauma causing multiple brain damage. As a result, bBI-induced secondary injury causes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and edema formation that further results in neuronal, glial and axonal injuries. Previously, we reported endocrine imbalance and influence of diabetes on bBI-induced brain pathology that was significantly attenuated by nanowired delivery of cerebrolysin in model experiments. Cerebrolysin is a balanced composition of several neurotrophic factors, and active peptide fragment is capable of neuroprotection in several neurological insults. Exposure to heat stress alone causes BBB damage, edema formation and brain pathology. Thus, it is quite likely that hot environment further exacerbates the consequences of bBI. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies using nanodelivery of stem cell and cerebrolysin may further enhance superior neuroprotection in bBI at hot environment. Our observations are the first to show that combined nanowired delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cerebrolysin significantly attenuated exacerbation of bBI in hot environment and induced superior neuroprotection, not reported earlier. The possible mechanisms of neuroprotection with MSCs and cerebrolysin in bBI are discussed in the light of current literature.
Keyphrases
- cerebral ischemia
- brain injury
- mesenchymal stem cells
- blood brain barrier
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- heat stress
- stress induced
- high glucose
- umbilical cord
- diabetic rats
- stem cells
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- white matter
- resting state
- oxidative stress
- type diabetes
- bone marrow
- systematic review
- drug induced
- cardiovascular disease
- endothelial cells
- multiple sclerosis
- metabolic syndrome
- posttraumatic stress disorder
- skeletal muscle
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation