CYP4CS5-mediated thiamethoxam and clothianidin resistance is accompanied by fitness cost in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

Collectively, in addition to the important role of CYP4CS5 in conferring thiamethoxam and clothianidin resistance, we fundamentally discover such resistance mechanism is associated with fitness costs in the whitefly. These findings not only contribute to the development of neonicotinoids resistance management strategies, but also provide a new target for sustainable whitefly control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.