Biomimetic Polymer-Templated Copper Nanoparticles Stabilize a Temozolomide Intermediate for Chemotherapy against Glioblastoma Multiforme.

The short half-life of temozolomide (TMZ) limits its therapeutic effect on highly aggressive glioblastoma (GBM). Few approaches attempting to intervene the metabolic kinetics of TMZ are successful. Herein, we designed anionic copolymers via radical polymerization to prepare polymer-coated small copper nanoclusters, taking advantage of the role of pendent thymine groups as a template. The active and key intermediate of TMZ, typically called 3-methyl-(triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC), was stabilized by copper under physiological (slightly alkaline) conditions, alleviating concerns associated with spontaneous drug degradation and nonspecific drug activation. Importantly, the complexes formed by MTIC and copper nanoclusters could catalyze the Fenton reaction to generate hydroxyl radicals and also respond to pH and glutathione to release therapeutic MTIC, which allows combined chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy against GBM cells and paves a way for circumventing the complication of TMZ resistance.