Genetic, metabolic and immunological features of cancers with NRF2 addiction.
Hiroshi KitamuraHaruna TakedaHozumi MotohashiPublished in: FEBS letters (2022)
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (NRF2) is a master transcription factor that coordinately regulates the expression of many cytoprotective genes and plays a central role in defense mechanisms against oxidative and electrophilic insults. Although increased NRF2 activity is principally beneficial for our health, NRF2 activation in cancer cells is detrimental. Many human cancers exhibit persistent NRF2 activation and such cancer cells rely on NRF2 for most of their malignant characteristics, such as therapeutic resistance and aggressive tumourigenesis, and thus fall into NRF2 addiction. The persistent activation of NRF2 confers great advantages on cancer cells, whereas it is not tolerated by normal cells, suggesting that certain requirements are necessary for a cell to exploit NRF2 and evolve into malignant cancer cells. In this review, recent reports and data on the genetic, metabolic and immunological features of NRF2-activated cancer cells are summarized, and prerequisites for NRF2 addiction in cancer cells and their therapeutic applications are discussed.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- transcription factor
- nuclear factor
- induced apoptosis
- emergency department
- public health
- genome wide
- stem cells
- toll like receptor
- mental health
- signaling pathway
- mesenchymal stem cells
- long non coding rna
- artificial intelligence
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- electronic health record
- health information
- data analysis
- innate immune