Measuring cell proliferation in bioprinting research.
Sophie SchweinitzerMasoumeh Jahani KadousaraeiMehmet Serhat AydinKamal MustafaAhmad RashadPublished in: Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) (2024)
Tissue-like constructs, intended for application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, can be produced by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of cells in hydrogels. It is essential that the viability and proliferation of the encapsulated cells can be reliably determined. Methods currently used to evaluate cell proliferation, such as quantification of DNA and measurement of metabolic activity, have been developed for application in 2D cultures and might not be suitable for bioinks. In this study, human fibroblasts were either cast or printed in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) or sodium alginate hydrogels and cell proliferation was assessed by AlamarBlue, PicoGreen and visual cell counts. Comparison of data extrapolated from standard curves generated from 2D cultures and 3D hydrogels showed potential inaccuracies. Moreover, there were pronounced discrepancies in cell numbers obtained from these assays; the different bioinks strongly influenced the outcomes. Overall, the results indicate that more than one method should be applied for better assessment of cell proliferation in bioinks.
Keyphrases
- tissue engineering
- cell proliferation
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- cell cycle
- pi k akt
- hyaluronic acid
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- extracellular matrix
- drug delivery
- cell therapy
- wound healing
- endothelial cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- drug release
- cell death
- single molecule
- oxidative stress
- machine learning
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- insulin resistance
- stem cells
- electronic health record
- type diabetes
- mesenchymal stem cells
- peripheral blood
- circulating tumor
- adipose tissue
- artificial intelligence