Highly Tunable and Scalable Fabrication of 3D Flexible Graphene Micropatterns for Directing Cell Alignment.

Patterning graphene allows to precisely tune its properties to manufacture flexible functional materials or miniaturized devices for electronic and biomedical applications. However, conventional lithographic techniques are cumbersome for scalable production of time- and cost-effective graphene patterns, thus greatly impeding their practical applications. Here, we present a simple scalable fabrication of wafer-scale three-dimensional (3D) graphene micropatterns by direct laser tuning graphene oxide reduction and expansion using a LightScribe DVD writer. This one-step laser-scribing process can produce custom-made 3D graphene patterns on the surface of a disk with dimensions ranging from microscale up to decimeter scale in about 20 min. Through control over laser-scribing parameters, the resulting various 3D graphene patterns are exploited as scaffolds for controlling cell alignment. The 3D graphene patterns demonstrate their potential to biomedical applications, beyond the fields of electronics and photonics, which will allow to incorporate flexible graphene patterns for 3D cell or tissue culture to promote tissue engineering and drug testing applications.