Atypical cytological changes mimicking SIL of the uterine cervix in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients treated with busulfan.

Treatment-related atypia mimicking SIL is a common finding in allo-HSCT recipients who have received busulfan, particularly in the first year after the procedure. However, atypical changes may persist for more than 1 year. Clinical information, HPV testing, and colposcopy examination are critical to prevent misdiagnosis and overtreatment in these patients.