Substance use in psychiatric crisis: relationship to violence.
Nicola J KalkJohn E RobinsKezia R RossMegan PritchardMichael T LynskeyVivienne A CurtisKatherine I MorleyPublished in: Psychological medicine (2020)
In the emergency setting, patients who have recently used cannabinoids and exhibit psychotic symptoms are at higher risk of violent behaviour. Those who have used both stimulants and cannabinoids without psychotic symptoms may also be at increased risk. De-escalation protocols in emergency healthcare settings should account explicitly for substance use.