[Sarcopenia-what should the orthopedist know?]

Sarcopenia - the age-associated loss of muscle function and muscle mass - is of utmost importance for older patients with degenerative and traumatic diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as it closely linked to the loss of independence and quality of life in higher age. Impairments of mobility that are highly present in this patient group accelerate the age-associated decline of muscle function and muscle mass. The diagnosis of sarcopenia relies primarily on tests of strength and function like handgrip, chair-rise test and gait speed. The measurement of muscle mass is desirable, but not mandatory. In the near future the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia has to become part of the clinical routine for older orthopedic patients. Specific modifications of physical exercise like resistance training and optimal nutrition with regard to protein intake (1.0-1.2 g/kg bodyweight per day) in combination with vitamin D supplementation are key components of sarcopenia prevention and therapy.