Checkpoint Markers and Tumor Microenvironment: What Do We Know?

Ramya EphraimSarah FraserKulmira Nurgali Vasso Apostolopoulos

Published in: Cancers (2022)

The cancer microenvironment, or tumor microenvironment (TME), describes the non-cancerous cells present in the tumor, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, and cells that comprise the blood vessels and proteins produced by all of the cells present in the tumor that support the growth of the cancer cells [...].

Keyphrases

induced apoptosis
cell cycle arrest
stem cells
dna damage
oxidative stress
signaling pathway
cell death
papillary thyroid
cell proliferation
pi k akt
lymph node metastasis
childhood cancer