Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Interplay of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Free Radicals.
Mohammad BadranSaeid GolbidiNajib AyasIsmail LaherPublished in: Sleep disorders (2015)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) occurs in 2% of middle-aged women and 4% of middle-aged men and is considered an independent risk factor for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important endothelium derived vasodilating substance that plays a critical role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. Low levels of NO are associated with impaired endothelial function. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an analogue of L-arginine, is a naturally occurring product of metabolism found in the human circulation. Elevated levels of ADMA inhibit NO synthesis while oxidative stress decreases its bioavailability, so impairing endothelial function and promoting atherosclerosis. Several clinical trials report increased oxidative stress and ADMA levels in patients with OSA. This review discusses the role of oxidative stress and increased ADMA levels in cardiovascular disease resulting from OSA.
Keyphrases
- obstructive sleep apnea
- nitric oxide
- oxidative stress
- cardiovascular disease
- middle aged
- positive airway pressure
- clinical trial
- dna damage
- endothelial cells
- nitric oxide synthase
- type diabetes
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- sleep apnea
- diabetic rats
- hydrogen peroxide
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- insulin resistance
- metabolic syndrome
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- signaling pathway
- heat shock
- double blind
- open label
- pregnancy outcomes
- heat stress
- phase ii