Inter-turn intervals in Paramecium caudatum display an exponential distribution.

In navigating to a better location, mobile organisms in diverse taxa change directions of travel occasionally, including bacteria, archaea, single-celled eukaryotes, and small nematode worms such as Caenorhabditis elegans . In perhaps the most common form of goal-orientated movement, the rate of such turns is adjusted in all these taxa to ascend (or descend) a chemical gradient. Basically, the rate of turns is reduced when the movement results in better conditions. In the bacterium Escherichia coli and in C. elegans , the turns are generated by random-rate processes, in which the probability of a turn occurring is constant at every moment. This is evidenced by a distribution of inter-turn intervals that has an exponential distribution. For the first time, we examined the distribution of inter-turn intervals in the single-celled eukaryote, Paramecium caudatum , in a class exercise for first-year university students. We found clear evidence for an exponential distribution of inter-turn intervals, implying a random-rate process in generating turns in Paramecium . The exercise also shows that university laboratory classes can be used to generate scientific data to address research questions whose answers are as yet unknown.