Autopsied case of non-plaque-type dura mater graft-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with extensive amyloid-β deposition.

We present an autopsied case of non-plaque-type dura mater graft-associated Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (dCJD) with extensive amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. A 39-year-old Japanese woman presented with memory disturbance and abnormal behavior. The patient had a history of craniotomy with dura matter-graft transplant for a head injury which occurred when she was 19 years old. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hyperintensities in the cerebral cortex and striatum on diffusion-weighted images, particularly on the dura mater-grafted right side. Her clinical symptoms, including rapidly progressing cognitive impairment, myoclonus, and periodic sharp wave complexes on electroencephalogram, could not be distinguished from typical sporadic CJD cases. The patient died 11 months after symptom onset, and pathological investigations showed extensive spongiform degeneration with prion protein (PrP) deposition without Kuru plaques; these observations were essentially the same as those of typical sporadic CJD cases. Furthermore, Aβ immunohistochemistry showed extensive diffuse staining in the cerebral neocortex, plaque-type deposition, positive staining in the pia mater, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Although the MRI findings suggested that the pathological involvement originated from the dura mater-grafted right side, the PrP and Aβ depositions showed no apparent regionalization and laterality. Tau-pathology including neurofibrillary tangles was hardly identified. The proteins phosphorylated α-synuclein and phosphorylated transactivation response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa were not detected on immunostaining. Although this report describes only one case, various speculations were made based on detailed clinical and pathological observations in conjunction with previous reports of dCJD. In particular, this report provides significant insight into the characteristics and progression of dCJD pathology and its relationship with Aβ pathology.