Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders.
Heeok HongByung Sun KimHeh-In ImPublished in: International neurourology journal (2016)
Brain diseases and disorders such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and addiction lead to reduced quality of daily life through abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotional states, and behavior. While the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, human and animal studies have supported a role of neuroinflammation in the etiology of these diseases. In the central nervous system, an increased inflammatory response is capable of activating microglial cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. In turn, the pro-inflammatory cytokines aggravate and propagate neuroinflammation, degenerating healthy neurons and impairing brain functions. Therefore, activated microglia may play a key role in neuroinflammatory processes contributing to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and neurodegeneration.
Keyphrases
- inflammatory response
- lipopolysaccharide induced
- lps induced
- parkinson disease
- cerebral ischemia
- resting state
- deep brain stimulation
- toll like receptor
- white matter
- induced apoptosis
- endothelial cells
- traumatic brain injury
- bipolar disorder
- primary care
- functional connectivity
- anti inflammatory
- healthcare
- signaling pathway
- cognitive impairment
- rheumatoid arthritis
- cell cycle arrest
- spinal cord
- depressive symptoms
- subarachnoid hemorrhage
- mild cognitive impairment
- intellectual disability
- physical activity
- brain injury
- fluorescent probe
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- quality improvement
- sleep quality
- multiple sclerosis
- immune response
- cell proliferation
- single molecule