Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells circulate between peripheral (PB) blood and lymph node (LN) compartments, and strictly depend on microenvironmental factors for proliferation, survival and drug resistance. All cancer cells display metabolic reprogramming and CLL is no exception - though the inert status of the PB CLL cells has hampered detailed insight into these processes. We summarize previous work on reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and hypoxia, as well as the important roles of Myc, and PI3K/Akt/mTor pathways. In vitro co-culture systems and gene expression analyses have provided a partial picture of CLL LN metabolism. New broad omics techniques allow to obtain molecular and also single-cell level understanding of CLL plasticity and metabolic reprogramming. We summarize recent developments and describe the new concept of glutamine addiction for CLL, which may hold therapeutic promise.
Keyphrases
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- induced apoptosis
- gene expression
- lymph node
- reactive oxygen species
- oxidative stress
- single cell
- cell cycle arrest
- heavy metals
- signaling pathway
- dna damage
- cell death
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- dna methylation
- high throughput
- squamous cell carcinoma
- cell proliferation
- machine learning
- single molecule
- deep learning
- diabetic rats
- heat stress