WO 3 Nanowire-Attached Reduced Graphene Oxide-Based 1D-2D Heterostructures for Near-Infrared Light-Driven Synergistic Photocatalytic and Photothermal Inactivation of Multidrug-Resistant Superbugs.
Avijit PramanikJonmejoy A DharRithik BanerjeeMegan DavisKaelin GatesJing NieDalephine DavisFengxiang X HanParesh Chandra RayPublished in: ACS applied bio materials (2023)
The rapid emergence of superbugs which are resistant to existing antibiotics is becoming a huge global threat to public health, which demands the discovery of next-generation antibacterial agents for combating superbugs. Herein, we report the design of a two-dimensional (2D) reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and one-dimensional (1D) WO 3 nanowire-based photothermal-photocatalytic heterostructure for combating multiantibiotic-resistant Salmonella DT104, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae Escherichia coli , and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus superbugs. In the presence of near-infrared (NIR) light, due to the generation of electrons and holes, the WO 3 -based heterostructure generates reactive oxygen species by photocatalytic reaction from water and oxygen, which kills superbugs. To enhance the photocatalytic superbug killing efficiency, r-GO has been used for suppressing the recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs. Reported data show that NIR light-driven synergistic photocatalytic-photothermal processes can be used for 100% degradation of methylene blue using a heterostructure-based catalyst, and the photodegradation rate for the heterostructure is much better than the literature data for different types of WO 3 /GO-based nanocomposites. Experimentally, time-dependent antibacterial efficiency data reveals that the heterostructure can destroy 100% superbugs within 30 min of light exposure via a synergistic photothermal and photocatalytic mechanism, whereas the WO 3 nanowire can kill around 35% superbugs only via photocatalytic action only and r-GO can kill 25% superbugs via photothermal action even after 30 min of exposure to light. Systematic time-dependent microscopy and spectroscopy studies reveal that the excellent antisuperbug activities for heterostructures are due to membrane damage, ATP, and DNA/RNA breakage. For possible real-life applications, sun light-based superbug inactivation shows 100% inactivation possible within 250 min of light exposure using 12 mg/mL heterostructures. The reported sun light-driven killing of superbugs provides a simple and versatile platform to combat drug-resistant superbugs.
Keyphrases
- reduced graphene oxide
- visible light
- multidrug resistant
- gold nanoparticles
- drug resistant
- photodynamic therapy
- cancer therapy
- room temperature
- escherichia coli
- drug release
- public health
- methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- drug delivery
- highly efficient
- acinetobacter baumannii
- gram negative
- high throughput
- single molecule
- big data
- systematic review
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- staphylococcus aureus
- oxidative stress
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- mass spectrometry
- deep learning
- nucleic acid
- reactive oxygen species
- dna damage
- optical coherence tomography
- circulating tumor