The Role of VEGF Receptors as Molecular Target in Nuclear Medicine for Cancer Diagnosis and Combination Therapy.
Katarzyna MasłowskaPaweł Krzysztof HalikDagmara TymeckaAleksandra MisickaEwa GniazdowskaPublished in: Cancers (2021)
One approach to anticancer treatment is targeted anti-angiogenic therapy (AAT) based on prevention of blood vessel formation around the developing cancer cells. It is known that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) play a pivotal role in angiogenesis process; hence, application of angiogenesis inhibitors can be an effective approach in anticancer combination therapeutic strategies. Currently, several types of molecules have been utilised in targeted VEGF/VEGFR anticancer therapy, including human VEGF ligands themselves and their derivatives, anti-VEGF or anti-VEGFR monoclonal antibodies, VEGF binding peptides and small molecular inhibitors of VEGFR tyrosine kinases. These molecules labelled with diagnostic or therapeutic radionuclides can become, respectively, diagnostic or therapeutic receptor radiopharmaceuticals. In targeted anti-angiogenic therapy, diagnostic radioagents play a unique role, allowing the determination of the emerging tumour, to monitor the course of treatment, to predict the treatment outcomes and, first of all, to refer patients for AAT. This review provides an overview of design, synthesis and study of radiolabelled VEGF/VEGFR targeting and imaging agents to date. Additionally, we will briefly discuss their physicochemical properties and possible application in combination targeted radionuclide tumour therapy.
Keyphrases
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- endothelial cells
- combination therapy
- cancer therapy
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- chronic kidney disease
- drug delivery
- stem cells
- high resolution
- single molecule
- binding protein
- replacement therapy
- transcription factor
- peritoneal dialysis
- dna binding
- amino acid
- cell therapy
- lymph node metastasis
- liquid chromatography