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Efficacy of botulinum toxin in masseter muscle hypertrophy for lower face contouring.

Nisha KunduRohit KothariNimish ShahSunmeet SandhuDurga Madhab TripathyHassan I GaladariMichael H GoldMitchel P GoldmanMartin KassirHadrian ScheplerStephan GrabbeMohamad Goldust
Published in: Journal of cosmetic dermatology (2022)
BTA injection is a non-invasive, safe, and effective treatment for MMH. The optimum number of BTA units could not be ascertained due to wide variability in the studies as well as ethnicity of patients and extent or some measurement of MMH. The points of placement of injection should be well within the boundaries of the masseter muscle. The maximum effect of BTA after a single injection session is usually seen in ~3 months, and the duration may last for 6-12 months. Multiple injection sessions may be required to maintain a long-term effect. Injection technique and total number of injection units of neuromodulator must be individualized for each patient.
Keyphrases
  • ultrasound guided
  • botulinum toxin
  • end stage renal disease
  • skeletal muscle
  • ejection fraction
  • weight loss
  • case report
  • prognostic factors
  • peritoneal dialysis
  • patient reported outcomes
  • working memory