The effect of a moderately reclined seat-back angle on the kinematics of the Large-Omnidirectional Child Anthropomorphic Test Device with and without a belt-positioning booster in frontal crashes.

The BPB could be beneficial when the seatback is moderately reclined. The differences during the moderate recline between the BPB and no-BPB conditions also indicate that the BPB could prevent submarining in moderately reclined seats.