T cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: crucial but controversial.
Lishan DengTeng HuangCong-Yi WangPublished in: Cell death discovery (2023)
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been extensively studied in recent decades due to its rising incidence and high mortality. Despite an abundance of research, the mechanisms, immune-associated mechanisms, of IPF are poorly understood. While defining immunopathogenic mechanisms as the primary pathogenesis is controversial, recent studies have verified the contribution of the immune system to the fibrotic progression of IPF. Extensive evidence has shown the potential role of T cells in fibrotic progression. In this review, we emphasize the features of T cells in IPF and highlight the controversial roles of different subtypes of T cells or even two distinct effects of one type of T-cell in diverse settings, and multiple chemokines and cell products are discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the potential development of treatments targeting the immune molecules of T cells and the feasibility of immune therapies for IPF in clinical practice.
Keyphrases
- idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- interstitial lung disease
- clinical practice
- risk factors
- multidrug resistant
- single cell
- stem cells
- cardiovascular events
- cell therapy
- human health
- cancer therapy
- type diabetes
- rheumatoid arthritis
- coronary artery disease
- cardiovascular disease
- antibiotic resistance genes
- climate change
- case control
- anaerobic digestion