Promising effects of gingerol against toxins: A review article.
Roghayeh YahyazadehVafa Baradaran RahimiAhmad YahyazadehSeyed Ahmad MohajeriVahid Reza AskariPublished in: BioFactors (Oxford, England) (2021)
Ginger is a medicinal and valuable culinary plant. Gingerols, as an active constituent in the fresh ginger rhizomes of Zingiber officinale, exhibit several promising pharmacological properties. This comprehensive literature review was performed to assess gingerol's protective and therapeutic efficacy against the various chemical, natural, and radiational stimuli. Another objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties of gingerol. It should be noted that the data were gathered from in vivo and in vitro experimental studies. Gingerols can exert their protective activity through different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. For example, these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), Wnt/β-catenin, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), transforming growth factor beta1/Smad3 (TGF-β1/Smad3), and extracellular signal-related kinase/cAMP-response element-binding protein (ERK/CREB). We hope that more researchers can benefit from this review to conduct preclinical and clinical studies, treat cancer, inflammation, and attenuate the side effects of drugs and industrial pollutants.
Keyphrases
- nuclear factor
- transforming growth factor
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- signaling pathway
- oxidative stress
- anti inflammatory
- toll like receptor
- binding protein
- pi k akt
- cell proliferation
- induced apoptosis
- protein kinase
- heavy metals
- stem cells
- cell therapy
- papillary thyroid
- single cell
- tyrosine kinase
- squamous cell carcinoma
- bone marrow
- wastewater treatment
- deep learning
- big data
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- childhood cancer