Three-dimensionally printed vertebrae with different bone densities for surgical training.
Marco D BurkhardPhilipp FürnstahlMazda FarshadPublished in: European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society (2018)
In this pilot study, 3D-printed vertebrae displayed haptically and biomechanically realistic simulation of posterior spinal procedures and outperformed Sawbones. This approach enables surgical training on bone density-specific vertebrae and provides an outlook toward future preoperative simulation on patient-specific spine replicas. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.