Dyslipidemia in diabetic kidney disease classified by proteinuria and renal dysfunction: A cross-sectional study from a regional diabetes cohort.

Proteinuria was associated with an atherogenic subspecies of LDL, whereas renal dysfunction was associated with increased lipoprotein(a). Proteinuria and renal dysfunction independently exacerbated TG-rich lipoprotein-related dyslipidemia. This is in good agreement with the results of large-scale clinical studies in which proteinuria and renal dysfunction synergistically increased the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in populations with diabetes.