The meaning of masculinity for educated young Bedouins.

Israel's Bedouin population-an Indigenous, traditional, collective, patriarchal society-is at the height of social change, introducing modernization, religion and altered gender relations. Young Bedouin men are experiencing the ramifications of their masculine identity. As in other collective societies that emphasize mutual dependence and cooperation, honour has great meaning and unlike individualistic societies, maintaining masculine and family honour is important in the construction of masculinity. These cultural differences may influence young men's views of honour, particularly family honour, which is a key principle in collective cultures. An exploratory qualitative study used semi-structured interviews of 20 educated Bedouin young men and grounded theory to investigate what masculinity means for them. They defined masculinity by comparing theirs to that of the 'other'. They also described the crucial evaluators of masculinity: the family's older men. Protection and close supervision of women were found to be key factors in the assessment of masculinity. Also evident was the influence of the men's education on their gendered perceptions and their use of Western-oriented language regarding egalitarianism and women's rights. The findings may contribute to social work practice, especially in patriarchal societies, and may help in understanding how men may use their patriarchal power to generate change.