Constructing 3D Skeleton on Commercial Copper Foil via Electrophoretic Deposition of Lithiophilic Building Blocks for Stable Lithium Metal Anodes.

Lithium (Li) metal has been regarded as the "Holy Grail" of Li battery anodes thanks to its high theoretic specific capacity and low reduction potential, but uneven formation of Li dendrites and uncontrollable Li volume changes hinder the practical applications of Li metal anodes. A three-dimensional (3D) current collector is one of the promising strategies to address the above issues if it can be compatible with current industrialized process. Here, Au-decorated carbon nanotubes (Au@CNTs) are electrophoretically deposited on commercial Cu foil as a 3D lithiophilic skeleton to regulate Li deposition. The thickness of the as-prepared 3D skeleton can be accurately controlled by adjusting the deposition time. Benefitting from the reduced localized current density and improved Li affinity, the Au@CNTs-deposited Cu foil (Au@CNTs@Cu foil) achieves uniform Li nucleation and dendrite-free Li deposition. Compared with bare Cu foil and CNTs deposited Cu foil (CNTs@Cu foil), the Au@CNTs@Cu foil exhibits enhanced Coulombic efficiency and better cycling stability. In the full-cell configuration, the Au@CNTs@Cu foil with predeposited Li shows superior stability and rate performance. This work provides a facial strategy to directly construct a 3D skeleton on commercial Cu foils with lithiophilic building blocks for stable and practical Li metal anodes.