The effect of five mechanical instrumentation protocols on implant surface topography and roughness: A scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscope analysis.

Jae-Kook ChaKyeongwon PaengJin-Young Park Seong Ho ChoiMariano SanzIgnacio Sanz-Martin

Published in: Clinical oral implants research (2019)

Within the limitations of this in vitro investigation, the tested protocols induced different macroscopic alterations and surface roughness changes that varied in the thread and valley area.

Keyphrases

electron microscopy
high resolution
high glucose
diabetic rats
soft tissue
oxidative stress
mass spectrometry
raman spectroscopy
high speed