Real-Time Weather Monitoring and Prediction Using City Buses and Machine Learning.

Accurate weather data are important for planning our day-to-day activities. In order to monitor and predict weather information, a two-phase weather management system is proposed, which combines information processing, bus mobility, sensors, and deep learning technologies to provide real-time weather monitoring in buses and stations and achieve weather forecasts through predictive models. Based on the sensing measurements from buses, this work incorporates the strengths of local information processing and moving buses for increasing the measurement coverage and supplying new sensing data. In Phase I, given the weather sensing data, the long short-term memory (LSTM) model and the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model are trained and verified using the data of temperature, humidity, and air pressure of the test environment. In Phase II, the trained learning model is applied to predict the time series of weather information. In order to assess the system performance, we compare the predicted weather data with the actual sensing measurements from the Environment Protection Administration (EPA) and Central Weather Bureau (CWB) of Taichung observation station to evaluate the prediction accuracy. The results show that the proposed system has reliable performance at weather monitoring and a good forecast for one-day weather prediction via the trained models.