An Overview of Sport Participation and Exercise Prescription in Mitral Valve Disease.
Francesco PeroneMariangela PeruzziEdoardo ConteLuigi SciarraGiacomo FratiElena CavarrettaAnnachiara PingitorePublished in: Journal of cardiovascular development and disease (2023)
The incidence of heart valve disease (HVD) has been rising over the last few decades, mainly due to the increasing average age of the general population, and mitral valve (MV) disease is the second most prevalent HVD after calcific aortic stenosis, but MV disease is a heterogeneous group of different pathophysiological diseases. It is widely proven that regular physical activity reduces all-cause mortality rates, and exercise prescription is part of the medical recommendations for patients affected by cardiovascular diseases. However, changes in hemodynamic balance during physical exercise (including the increase in heart rate, preload, or afterload) could favor the progression of the MV disease and potentially trigger major cardiac events. In young patients with HVD, it is therefore important to define criteria for allowing competitive sport or exercise prescription, balancing the positive effects as well as the potential risks. This review focuses on mitral valve disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, risk stratification, exercise prescription, and competitive sport participation selection, and offers an overview of the principal mitral valve diseases with the aim of encouraging physicians to embody exercise in their daily practice when appropriate.
Keyphrases
- mitral valve
- physical activity
- heart rate
- left ventricular
- high intensity
- aortic stenosis
- ejection fraction
- left atrial
- primary care
- cardiovascular disease
- blood pressure
- heart rate variability
- end stage renal disease
- resistance training
- chronic kidney disease
- heart failure
- transcatheter aortic valve replacement
- atrial fibrillation
- body mass index
- transcatheter aortic valve implantation
- prognostic factors
- quality improvement
- clinical practice