A Natural History Study of Timothy Syndrome.
Katherine W TimothyRosemary BauerKerry A LarkinEdward P WalshDominic J AbramsCecilia Gonzalez CorciaAlexandra ValsamakisGeoffrey S PittIvy E DickAndy GoldenPublished in: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences (2024)
Timothy syndrome (OMIM #601005) is a rare disease caused by variants in the gene CACNA1C . Timothy syndrome patients were first identified as having a cardiac presentation of Long QT and syndactyly of the fingers and/or toes, and an identical variant in CACNA1C , Gly406Arg. However, since this original identification, more individuals harboring diverse variants in CACNA1C have been identified and have presented with various cardiac and extra-cardiac symptoms. Furthermore, it has remained underexplored whether individuals harboring canonical Gly406Arg variants in mutually exclusive exon 8A (Timothy syndrome 1) or exon 8 (Timothy syndrome 2) have additional symptoms. Here, we describe the first Natural History Study for Timothy syndrome, providing a thorough resource describing the current understanding of disease manifestation in Timothy syndrome patients. Parents of Timothy syndrome children were queried regarding a wide-ranging set of symptoms and features via a survey. Importantly, we find that in addition to cardiac concerns, Timothy syndrome patients commonly share extra-cardiac features including neurodevelopmental impairments, hypoglycemia, and respiratory problems. Our work expands the current understanding of the disorder to better inform the care of Timothy syndrome patients.
Keyphrases
- end stage renal disease
- ejection fraction
- case report
- newly diagnosed
- peritoneal dialysis
- left ventricular
- type diabetes
- healthcare
- prognostic factors
- copy number
- mental health
- gene expression
- heart failure
- metabolic syndrome
- young adults
- palliative care
- dna methylation
- depressive symptoms
- drug induced
- chronic pain
- sleep quality
- transcription factor
- respiratory tract
- bioinformatics analysis