Exploration of the modification of carbon-based substrate surfaces in aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries.

The hydrophobic surfaces of carbon-based substrates lead to a huge interface impedance in aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, we try to regulate the morphology and investigate the effects of polar groups on the substrate surface. With the treated substrate, the cyclic and rate performances of MnO 2 electrodes are improved by ∼42.5% and 97 mA h g -1 .