Continuous Fetal Cardiac Monitoring during Fetoscopic Myelomeningocele Repair and Relationship to Spectral Doppler Changes.

Continuous fetal echocardiography was feasible during all fMMC repairs. Spectral Doppler changes in the UA were common during fMMC procedures but qualitative cardiac dysfunction was rare. Abnormalities in the UV, DV, and DA Dopplers, FHR, and cardiac function were less common findings.