Investigative agents for atrial fibrillation: agonists and stimulants, progress and expectations.

The current situation is far than optimal. Despite clear unmet needs in drug development in the field of AF treatment, the current development of new drugs is absent. The need for a molecule with absence of cardiac and non-cardiac toxicity in the short and long term is a limitation in the field. Improvement in the understanding of AF genetics, pathophysiology, molecular alterations, big data and artificial intelligence with the objective to provide a personalized AF treatment will be the cornerstone of AF treatment in the coming years.