Ultrasonography of the scrotum in adults.
Anna Luisa KuhnEduardo ScortegagnaKristina M NowitzkiYoung H KimPublished in: Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) (2016)
Ultrasonography is the ideal noninvasive imaging modality for evaluation of scrotal abnormalities. It is capable of differentiating the most important etiologies of acute scrotal pain and swelling, including epididymitis and testicular torsion, and is the imaging modality of choice in acute scrotal trauma. In patients presenting with palpable abnormality or scrotal swelling, ultrasonography can detect, locate, and characterize both intratesticular and extratesticular masses and other abnormalities. A 12-17 MHz high frequency linear array transducer provides excellent anatomic detail of the testicles and surrounding structures. In addition, vascular perfusion can be easily assessed using color and spectral Doppler analysis. In most cases of scrotal disease, the combination of clinical history, physical examination, and information obtained with ultrasonography is sufficient for diagnostic decision-making. This review covers the normal scrotal anatomy as well as various testicular and scrotal lesions.
Keyphrases
- contrast enhanced
- high frequency
- magnetic resonance imaging
- high resolution
- decision making
- transcranial magnetic stimulation
- magnetic resonance
- computed tomography
- chronic pain
- drug induced
- respiratory failure
- pain management
- intensive care unit
- high throughput
- healthcare
- germ cell
- spinal cord injury
- optical coherence tomography
- photodynamic therapy
- fluorescence imaging
- single cell
- health information
- dual energy
- high density