Temperature dependence of pollen germination and tube growth in conifers relates to their distribution along an elevational gradient in Washington State, USA.

Our study demonstrates the temperature dependences of three conifers across a wide range of temperatures. Pollen germination and tube growth are highly sensitive to temperature conditions and vary among species and elevations, affecting their reproduction success during warming. Our findings can provide valuable insights to advance our understanding of how conifer pollen responds to rising temperatures.