A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of heat shock protein 70 of lung adenocarcinoma cell line following paclitaxel treatment using l-cysteine-functionalized Au@MnO 2 /MoO 3 nanocomposites.

The future trend in achieving precision medicine involves the development of non-invasive cancer biomarker sensors that offer high accuracy, low cost, and time-saving benefits for risk clarification, early detection, disease detection, and therapeutic monitoring. A facile approach for the synthesis of MoO 3 nanosheets was developed by thermally oxidizing MoS 2 nanosheets in air followed by thermal annealing. Subsequently, Au@MnO 2 nanocomposites were prepared using a combined hydrothermal process and in situ chemical synthesis. In this study, we present a novel immunosensor design strategy involving the immobilization of antiHSP70 antibodies on Au@MnO 2 /MoO 3 nanocomposites modified on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) using EDC/NHS chemistry. This study establishes HSP70 as a potential biomarker for monitoring therapeutic response during anticancer therapy. Impedance measurements of HSP70 on the Au@MnO 2 /MoO 3 /SPE immunosensor using EIS showed an increase in impedance with an increase in HSP70 concentration. The electrochemical immunosensor demonstrated a good linear response in the range of 0.001 to 1000 ng mL -1 with a detection limit of 0.17 pg mL -1 under optimal conditions. Moreover, the immunosensor was effective in detecting HSP70 at low concentrations in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line following Paclitaxel treatment, indicating its potential for early detection of the HSP70 biomarker in organ-on-a-chip and clinical applications.