Smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kleoniki I AthanasiadouStavroula A PaschouEvgenia PapakonstantinouVasiliki VasileiouFotini KanoutaParaskevi KazakouKaterina StefanakiGeorgia N KassiTheodora PsaltopoulouDimitrios G GoulisEleni AnastasiouPublished in: Endocrine (2023)
There is no evidence to support an association between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the risk for GDM. Universally accepted diagnostic criteria for GDM must be adopted to reduce heterogeneity and clarify the association between smoking and GDM.