Smoking during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kleoniki I Athanasiadou Stavroula A Paschou Evgenia PapakonstantinouVasiliki VasileiouFotini KanoutaParaskevi KazakouKaterina StefanakiGeorgia N KassiTheodora Psaltopoulou Dimitrios G GoulisEleni Anastasiou

Published in: Endocrine (2023)

There is no evidence to support an association between maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and the risk for GDM. Universally accepted diagnostic criteria for GDM must be adopted to reduce heterogeneity and clarify the association between smoking and GDM.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
pregnancy outcomes
pregnant women
birth weight
body mass index