Variable gut pH as a potential mechanism of tolerance to Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins in the biting midge Culicoides sonorensis.

Cameron J OsborneTianyun SuKristopher S SilverLee W Cohnstaedt

Published in: Pest management science (2024)

We conclude that Bti is not practical for larval Culicoides sonorensis control at the same rates as mosquitos but show that alterations or additives to the environment could make the products more effective. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Keyphrases

ionic liquid
aedes aegypti
bacillus subtilis
drosophila melanogaster
risk assessment