Heart Rate, Autonomic Function, and Future Changes in Glucose Metabolism in Individuals Without Diabetes: The Whitehall II Cohort Study.

Higher resting heart rate in individuals without diabetes is associated with future unfavorable changes in insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. Associations may be mediated via autonomic function; however, results are inconclusive. Resting heart rate may be a risk marker for future pathophysiological changes in glucose metabolism.