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Dual Activation for Tuning N, S Co-Doping in Porous Carbon Sheets Toward Superior Sodium Ion Storage.

Dingyue ZhangHao ZhangFan GaoGang HuangZhoutai ShangCaiqin GaoXianchun ChenJingjiang WeiMauricio TerronesYanqing Wang
Published in: Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2024)
Porous carbon has been widely focused to solve the problems of low coulombic efficiency (ICE) and low multiplication capacity of Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) anodes. The superior energy storage properties of two-dimensional(2D) carbon nanosheets can be realized by modulating the structure, but be limited by the carbon sources, making it challenging to obtain 2D structures with large surface area. In this work, a new method for forming carbon materials with high N/S doping content based on combustion activation using the dual activation effect of K 2 SO 4 /KNO 3 is proposed. The synthesized carbon material as an anode for SIBs has a high reversible capacity of 344.44 mAh g -1 at 0.05 A g -1 . Even at the current density of 5 Ag -1 , the capacity remained at 143.08 mAh g -1 . And the ICE of sodium-ion in ether electrolytes is ≈2.5 times higher than that in ester electrolytes. The sodium storage mechanism of ether/ester-based electrolytes is further explored through ex-situ characterizations. The disparity in electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the discrepancy in kinetics, wherein ether-based electrolytes exhibit a higher rate of Na + storage and shedding compared to ester-based electrolytes. This work suggests an effective way to develop doubly doped carbon anode materials for SIBs.
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