Lymphovascular and perineural invasion are risk factors for inguinal lymph node metastases in men with T1G2 penile cancer.

Christian Daniel FankhauserHielke M de VriesEduard RousselJakob Kristian JakobsenAllaudin IssaEsther W C LeeNicolo SchifanoHussain AlnajjarFabio CastiglioneLuca AntonelliPedro OliveiraMaurice LauArie ParnhamMaarten AlbersenNicholas A WatkinAsif MuneerBen E AyresOscar R BrouwerVijay Sangar

Published in: Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology (2022)

Approximately, one out of ten men with T1G2 overall and one out of four men with either LVI + or PNI + still have ILN metastases despite being clinically node negative. Therefore, invasive ILN staging should strongly be recommended in T1G2 with LVI + or PNI + but importantly, must be discussed in patients with T1G2 with LVI- or PNI-.

Keyphrases

lymph node
middle aged
papillary thyroid
prostate cancer
lymph node metastasis
squamous cell carcinoma
cell migration
locally advanced