Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning to Preoperatively Predict Lymph Node Metastasis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Electronic Medical Records: Development and Validation Study.

The LNM models developed can achieve competitive performance using only limited EMR data such as CT reports and tumor markers in comparison with the clinician's evaluation. The multiturn question answering NLP model can extract features effectively to support the development of LNM prediction models, which may facilitate the clinical application of predictive models.