X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Insight into the Pathways of Manganese Oxalate Thermal Decomposition to MnO and MnCO 3 .

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) were employed to study the isothermal decomposition of MnC 2 O 4 under ultrahigh vacuum and N 2 environmental conditions, respectively. High-resolution core-level XP spectra, X-ray-induced Auger spectra, and infrared spectra were obtained as a function of annealing time. In XPS studies, the time-dependent thermal decomposition characteristics were elucidated by analyzing surface composition, chemical shifts, satellites in the Mn 2p 3/2 and Mn LMV bands, and Auger parameters for Mn and O. Functional groups developing during the ongoing reaction were identified by DRIFTS from characteristic vibrations. For the first time, the isothermal decomposition of manganese oxalate was shown to proceed via two pathways involving nucleation and accumulation of MnO and MnCO 3 . The kinetics of the decomposition in vacuum could be described by the Prout-Tompkins or/and by the Avrami-Erofeev models. The results obtained by XPS, DRIFTS, and ex situ XRD allowed concluding that the final product of oxalate decomposition was composed of MnO and MnCO 3 or/and unidentate/polydentate carbonate structures populating the surface of the sample. A substantial formation of graphitic carbon was also observed and associated with interface chemical reactivities between the MnO particles and the supporting gold foil.