The mRNA and protein levels of IGF2BP1 and PTBP1 in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium of EMs patients were significantly increased. RNA immunoprecipitation revealed a close interaction of IGF2BP1 with PTBP1. Additionally, the endometrial volume, weight, and histopathologic scores in rats were significantly reduced after IGF2BP1 silencing. IGF2BP1 silencing also decreased the expression of PCNA and VEGF, and increased E-cadherin expression in endometrial tissues of EMs rats. Moreover, IGF2BP1 silencing inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted apoptosis through PTBP1 in eESCs. (Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 2024, Vol. 62, No. 1, xx-xx) CONCLUSIONS: IGF2BP1 exhibits potential beneficial properties in the management of EMs by interacting with PTBP1, thereby highlighting IGF2BP1 as a promising therapeutic target for EMs.