Radiation-induced skin injury in the head and neck region: pathogenesis, clinics, prevention, treatment considerations and proposal for management algorithm.
Jakub PazdrowskiJustyna Gornowicz-PorowskaJoanna KaźmierskaVioletta Krajka-KuźniakAdriana PolanskaMichał MasternakMateusz SzewczykWojciech GolusińskiAleksandra Danczak-PazdrowskaPublished in: Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology (2024)
Worldwide increase of head and neck cancers ranks these malignancies among top causes of cancer in human population. Radiation induced skin injury (RISI) is one of the major side effects of radiotherapy (RT). Skin of the neck is exposed to radiation due to necessity of therapeutic or prophylactic (elective) irradiation of neck lymph nodes and target organs, including the larynx and hypopharynx. The location of the neck exposes these regions of the skin to various additional exposomes such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), pollution and cigarette smoke. There are many controversies or inconsistencies regarding RISI, from molecular aspects and therapy to terminology. There is lack of high-quality and large-sample studies in both forms of RISI: acute (aRISI) and chronic (cRISI). Finally, no gold standards in the management of aRISI and cRISI have been established yet. In this article, the authors discuss the pathogenesis, clinical picture, prevention and clinical interventions and present a proposed treatment algorithm.
Keyphrases
- heavy metals
- radiation induced
- radiation therapy
- soft tissue
- lymph node
- wound healing
- machine learning
- primary care
- physical activity
- deep learning
- stem cells
- liver failure
- papillary thyroid
- early stage
- mesenchymal stem cells
- patients undergoing
- locally advanced
- respiratory failure
- particulate matter
- single molecule
- drinking water
- acute respiratory distress syndrome
- lymph node metastasis
- case control