The Role of Environmental Context and Physical Activity in Prescribed Opioid Use and Pain in Daily Life among Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Results suggest that prescribed opioid use in patients with chronic low back pain is not solely determined by pain, but influenced by environmental factors, including physical activity. Psychoeducation regarding environmental factors, including how factors may be associated with both increased and decreased use of opioids, may help patients take fewer opioids more effectively.