[Comprehensive clinical evaluation of bedaquiline in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis].

Objective: To assess the clinical value of bedaquiline in five dimensions: effectiveness, safety, economics, appropriateness, and social benefits, to provide a reference for medical and health insurance-related decisions. Methods: A total of 792 patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis who were hospitalized at Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Ganzhou Fifth People's Hospital and Jiangxi Chest Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020 were included in the study. Based on a retrospective survey of case data, and each evaluation dimension of bedaquiline was statistically analyzed by causal analysis or chi-square test, using linezolid as the reference drug. Results: In terms of effectiveness, bedaquiline significantly increased treatment success by 23.9% (95% CI :4.8%-43.0%) and shortened treatment duration by 64 days(95% CI :18-109 days). In terms of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions to bedaquiline and the discontinuation rate of adverse reactions (5.11%,4.55%) were significantly lower than those for linezolid (22.49%,15.24%), with statistically significant differences (χ 2 =27.50, P <0.001;χ 2 =14.09, P <0.001). In terms of economics, patients treated with bedaquiline had a significantly higher anti-TB drug course cost of RMB 48 209.4 Yuan(95% CI : 28 336.0-68 082.8 Yuan). In terms of appropriateness, the proportion of bedaquiline in patients' initial treatment regimens was lower than that of linezolid (16.7% vs. 86.5%) in the 2020 observation sample, with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 =238.96, P <0.001). In terms of social benefits, the infection control rate was significantly increased by 27.8% (95% CI :8.2%-47.5%) in patients using bedaquiline. Conclusions: Bedaquiline performed well in terms of efficacy, safety, and social benefits. However, it was less economical and the actual use rate of bedaquiline in clinical practice was lower than that of its counterpart drug, linezolid. Price reductions might be needed to increase the clinical use and performance of bedaquiline in the future.