Ixeris dentata Extract Increases Salivary Secretion through the Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Diabetes-Induced Xerostomia Rat Model.
Kashi Raj BhattaraiHwa-Young LeeSeung-Hyun KimHyung-Ryong KimHan-Jung ChaePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2018)
This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced dry mouth and an application of natural products from Ixeris dentata (IXD), a recently suggested regulator of amylase secretion in salivary cells. Vehicle-treated or diabetic rats were orally treated with either water or an IXD extract for 10 days to observe the effect on salivary flow. We found that the IXD extract increased aquaporin 5 (AQP5) and alpha-amylase protein expression in the submandibular gland along with salivary flow rate. Similarly, the IXD extract and its purified compound increased amylase secretion in high glucose-exposed human salivary gland cells. Furthermore, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress response in the submandibular gland of diabetic rats was inhibited by treatment with the IXD extract, suggesting that IXD extract treatment improves the ER environment by increasing the protein folding capacity. Thus, pharmacological treatment with the IXD extract is suggested to relieve DM-induced dry mouth symptoms.
Keyphrases
- diabetic rats
- oxidative stress
- induced apoptosis
- high glucose
- endothelial cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- anti inflammatory
- type diabetes
- cardiovascular disease
- glycemic control
- small molecule
- cell death
- transcription factor
- cell cycle arrest
- cell proliferation
- replacement therapy
- molecular dynamics simulations
- estrogen receptor
- single molecule
- insulin resistance
- protein protein