Risk factors for exacerbations and pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pooled analysis.

Benjamin F HartleyNeil C BarnesSally LettisChris H ComptonAlberto PapiPaul Jones

Published in: Respiratory research (2020)

The probability of an exacerbation was considerably higher than for pneumonia. ICS reduced exacerbations but did not influence the effect of risks associated with prior exacerbation history, GOLD stage, or female sex. The only identified risk factor for ICS-induced pneumonia was BMI <25 kg/m2. Analyses of this type may help the development of COPD risk equations.

Keyphrases

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
lung function
respiratory failure
community acquired pneumonia
body mass index
cystic fibrosis
high glucose
diabetic rats
human health
drug induced
intensive care unit
oxidative stress
endothelial cells
risk assessment
silver nanoparticles
mechanical ventilation