Combination therapy (CT) with a mandibular advancement device (MAD) and positive airway pressure (PAP) has been advocated for patients for whom neither MAD nor PAP alone provides an efficacious and tolerated therapy. This article reviews the small and limited, but growing body of evidence in support of CT and highlights details in its implementation. In most studies, CT was found to be preferred by many, but not all PAP-intolerant patients. CT can be more efficacious than either MAD or PAP alone.
Keyphrases
- obstructive sleep apnea
- end stage renal disease
- positive airway pressure
- computed tomography
- image quality
- combination therapy
- chronic kidney disease
- newly diagnosed
- ejection fraction
- contrast enhanced
- dual energy
- peritoneal dialysis
- primary care
- prognostic factors
- positron emission tomography
- magnetic resonance imaging
- stem cells
- systematic review
- sleep apnea
- magnetic resonance
- mesenchymal stem cells
- cell therapy