Comparison of the Application Value of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosing Patent Foramen Ovale Under Different States of Stimulation: A Retrospective Study.

The study confirms the significant value of cTEE in diagnosing PFO under different stimulation states, particularly emphasizing the application of the Valsalva maneuver to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of PFO detection. Thus, incorporating cTEE examinations under various stimulation states holds significant clinical importance for enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of PFO diagnosis.